{"id":64,"date":"2025-11-10T18:48:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T18:48:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/?p=64"},"modified":"2025-11-13T19:22:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T19:22:58","slug":"gilgamis-insanligin-sonsuz-arayisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/?p=64","title":{"rendered":"G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f \u2013 \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sonsuz Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Antik Mezopotamya\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan en eski edebiyat eseri<\/strong> olan G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131<\/em>, piramit metinlerinden sonra insanl\u0131k tarihinin en eski ikinci dini metni<\/strong> olarak kabul edilir. Dinde ve kahramanl\u0131k destan\u0131 gelene\u011finde temel bir yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f karakteri, insan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck bilinciyle daha sonraki kahramanl\u0131k anlat\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olmu\u015f, Herk\u00fcl<\/strong> gibi fig\u00fcrlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca destan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve temalar\u0131, Antik Yunan edebiyat\u0131nda Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada ve Odysseia<\/strong> destanlar\u0131na da ilham vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Destan\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Uruk\u2019un kral\u0131 G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ile tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan onun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc dengelemek amac\u0131yla yarat\u0131lan vah\u015fi insan Enkidu<\/strong> anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Enkidu, bir tap\u0131nak fahi\u015fesi olan \u015eamhat<\/strong> ile ili\u015fkiye girdikten sonra uygarl\u0131\u011fa ad\u0131m atar ve G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019a meydan okumak i\u00e7in Uruk\u2019a gider. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f onu yense de ikisi aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dostluk kurulur. Birlikte Sedir Orman\u0131\u2019na<\/strong> gidip koruyucu canavar Humbaba\u2019y\u0131<\/strong> \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130\u015ftar<\/strong>, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n a\u015fk teklifini reddetmesi \u00fczerine \u00f6fkeye kap\u0131l\u0131r ve G\u00f6k Bo\u011fas\u0131\u2019n\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6nderir. Ancak G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f ve Enkidu bo\u011fay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bunun sonucunda tanr\u0131lar, Enkidu\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne karar verirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Destan\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise, dostunun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sars\u0131lan G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aramak<\/strong> i\u00e7in uzun bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Yolun sonunda \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca tanr\u0131lara ait oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n pay\u0131na ise \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenir. Siduri\u2019nin \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleri<\/strong>, Utnapi\u015ftim\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fck Tufan \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> ve G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n in\u015fa etti\u011fi yap\u0131lar, onun bilgelik yolculu\u011funu tamamlar. B\u00f6ylece G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f, bedensel olarak \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc olsa da ad\u0131 ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131r. Destan, bu derin insanl\u0131k sorgusuyla \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kadim destan\u0131n insan\u0131n varolu\u015fsal sorgusunu dile getiren yap\u0131s\u0131, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli bestecilerinden biri olan Saygun, destandaki insanl\u0131k temas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f m\u00fczik diliyle yeniden yorumlayarak \u201cG\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f \u2013 \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sonsuz Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 operas\u0131n\u0131 bestelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f (Op. 65)<\/strong>, Saygun\u2019un M\u00fcnir Hayri Egeli<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e librettosu<\/strong> (yani operan\u0131n metni) \u00fczerine besteledi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 perdelik, on iki sahnelik bir operad\u0131r. Eser, G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131\u2019ndan<\/strong> esinlenmi\u015ftir ve Saygun taraf\u0131ndan 1964\u2019ten 1983\u2019e kadar<\/strong> bestelenmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk versiyonu 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu operan\u0131n k\u00f6keninde, 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nevit Kodall\u0131<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bestelenen ve Orhan Asena<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 librettoya dayanan ilk \u201cG\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Operas\u0131\u201d<\/strong> bulunur. Daha sonra, bu eserin m\u00fczik ve metin y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yeniden ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; yeni versiyonu haz\u0131rlamak \u00fczere Ahmet Adnan Saygun<\/strong> ile M\u00fcnir Hayri Egeli<\/strong> g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Saygun, hem m\u00fczi\u011fi hem de librettosu tamamen yenilenen bir yap\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk operas\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eser yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"f3077c2e-4adc-4b44-8857-20290147c68d-768x1024<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"d0aac5c1-1d67-45fd-acd5-f0f55f219838-768x1024<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Saygun, operas\u0131nda G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir kahramanl\u0131k hik\u00e2yesi olarak de\u011fil, insan\u0131n kendi varolu\u015funu anlama \u00e7abas\u0131<\/strong> olarak ele al\u0131r. M\u00fczikal olarak T\u00fcrk makam sistemini<\/strong>, \u00e7ok sesli senfonik yap\u0131<\/strong>yla ustaca harmanlar. Mistik ve tanr\u0131sal sahnelerde modal T\u00fcrk m\u00fczi\u011fi etkileri duyulurken, kahramanl\u0131k ve trajedi sahnelerinde dramatik Bat\u0131 armonisi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. B\u00f6ylece eser, hem Do\u011fu\u2019nun felsefesini<\/strong> hem de Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dramatik anlat\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> ayn\u0131 sahnede birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Operan\u0131n sahneleni\u015fi de d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a yenilik\u00e7idir. G\u00f6rsel olarak Mezopotamya mitolojisini an\u0131msatan dekorlar, ritmik ge\u00e7i\u015flerle birle\u015fen orkestra d\u00fczeni ve koro b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle g\u00f6rsel ve i\u015fitsel bir \u015f\u00f6len<\/strong> yarat\u0131r. Saygun\u2019un m\u00fczi\u011fi, antik bir destan\u0131n ruhunu modern insan\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcreklili\u011fi<\/strong> temsil eder. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Operas\u0131<\/em>, yaln\u0131zca bir m\u00fczik eseri de\u011fil; insanl\u0131k tarihinin \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, bilgelik ve varolu\u015f \u00fczerine en eski sorgusunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir yank\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"IMG_1585-1<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Antik Mezopotamya\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan en eski edebiyat eseri olan G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131, piramit metinlerinden sonra insanl\u0131k tarihinin en eski ikinci dini metni olarak kabul edilir. Dinde ve kahramanl\u0131k destan\u0131 gelene\u011finde temel bir yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f karakteri, insan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck bilinciyle daha sonraki kahramanl\u0131k anlat\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olmu\u015f, Herk\u00fcl gibi fig\u00fcrlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca destan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve temalar\u0131, Antik Yunan edebiyat\u0131nda Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada ve Odysseia destanlar\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,12,21],"tags":[18,17,13,15,16,22,14,19],"class_list":["post-64","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bale","category-opera","category-opera-ve-bale","tag-16-istanbul-opera-ve-bale-festivali","tag-ahmet-adnan-saygun","tag-bale","tag-gilgames","tag-gilgamesh","tag-istanbul","tag-opera","tag-opera-ve-bale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions\/114"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/75"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=64"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atolyer10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}